Navigating tree care often means clearing up many misconceptions. This blog clarifies common myths about tree topping, staking, and wound treatment.

Focusing on proven arboricultural principles explains the harmful effects of topping, proper staking methods, and best watering practices. Whether you’re an arborist or a gardener, this guide offers valuable insights to improve your tree care and boost the health of your trees.

Common Myths About Tree Care

Is It True That Trees Should Be Topped To Reduce Their Size?

Tree topping, a practice that involves the removal of large branches or the entire top of a tree, has long been a controversial topic in arboriculture. While some believe it’s a necessary method to control tree size and prevent potential hazards, experts overwhelmingly agree that tree topping is harmful and counterproductive. Here, we delve into why topping trees is detrimental and explore alternative methods for managing tree size and health.

Tree topping often leads to rapid and weak regrowth. When a tree is topped, it responds by producing numerous weak, fast-growing shoots called water sprouts. These shoots are poorly attached and prone to breaking, which increases the risk of falling branches. The rapid regrowth can quickly restore the tree to its original height, negating the intended purpose of topping and often making the tree even more hazardous.

Trees rely on their leaves for photosynthesis, which produces the food necessary for their growth and survival. Topping removes a significant portion of the leaves, causing the tree to expend energy reserves to replace them. This stress weakens the tree, making it more susceptible to diseases, pests, and environmental stressors.

The large wounds created by topping do not heal properly and become entry points for decay and disease. Unlike smaller, well-placed pruning cuts, topping cuts expose large areas of the tree’s internal tissues, which cannot effectively seal off these wounds. Over time, this can lead to extensive internal decay, compromising the tree’s structural integrity.

Topping may initially seem like a quick fix, but it often leads to higher long-term costs. Topped trees require more frequent maintenance to manage the weak regrowth and may eventually need to be removed if they die or become too dangerous. Proper pruning and maintenance are less costly in the long run and improve the tree’s health and safety.

Alternatives To Tree Topping

Crown reduction involves selectively pruning the outer edges of the tree’s canopy to reduce its overall size while maintaining its natural shape. This method does not involve cutting the main trunk or large branches, thereby preserving the tree’s structural integrity. It is ideal for trees that have outgrown their space or are encroaching on buildings or utility lines.

Crown thinning removes selected branches throughout the canopy to increase light penetration and air circulation. This method reduces the risk of storm damage and can improve the tree’s overall health. Thinning is particularly beneficial for trees with dense foliage, such as fruit trees, where increased sunlight can enhance fruit production.

Structural pruning aims to develop a strong, well-balanced tree structure by removing weak or competing branches. This method is most effective when applied to young trees, guiding their growth into a healthy form. Regular pruning by a certified arborist can prevent the need for drastic measures like topping.

Do Newly Planted Trees Need To Be Staked?

When it comes to newly planted trees, staking is a common practice believed to provide additional support and protection as the tree establishes itself. However, staking isn’t always necessary and can sometimes do more harm than good. Here, we delve into the nuances of staking, addressing when it’s needed, how to do it correctly, and the potential risks involved.

Most healthy young trees with a sturdy trunk and properly developed root system generally do not require staking. The natural movement of the trunk in the wind is crucial for stimulating root growth and ensuring long-term stability. However, there are exceptions where staking can be beneficial. For instance, trees with a small root system relative to their canopy size may need extra support. Similarly, top-heavy trees, where the canopy weighs more than the trunk can support, can benefit from staking. Additionally, trees planted in very windy locations or high-traffic areas prone to damage, as well as those planted in overly wet soil conditions, might require staking to remain upright and stable.

How To Stake A Tree Properly

To properly stake a tree, begin by driving one or two six-foot tall wooden stakes into the ground about two feet away from the tree or just outside the mulch ring. If you are using two stakes, place them on opposite sides of the tree. Next, use soft, flexible ties, such as old nylons or elastic webbing, to loosely secure the tree to the stakes about three to four feet above the ground. It is essential to ensure that the ties are not too tight, allowing slight movement of the trunk. This movement encourages better root growth and reduces the risk of injuries to the trunk. Finally, remove the stakes and ties after one year to avoid girdling. Continuous monitoring is necessary to ensure the tree is stabilising and that the ties are not causing damage.

Risks Of Improper Staking

Improper staking can lead to several risks for the tree. Restricting trunk movement by staking can prevent the roots from growing properly, resulting in stunted root development. This lack of movement can make the tree unstable once the stakes are removed. Additionally, insufficient trunk growth due to restricted movement results in a weaker trunk, making the tree more susceptible to breaking in strong winds. Furthermore, materials tied too tightly around the trunk can cut into it, causing serious damage and potentially girdling the tree, which restricts the flow of water and nutrients and can eventually kill the tree.

Are All Tree Wounds Best Treated With Wound Paint?

Trees, like all living organisms, are susceptible to injury. From pruning cuts to mechanical wounds caused by lawn equipment or severe weather, these injuries can significantly impact tree health. Historically, the application of wound paint has been a common practice aimed at protecting trees from further harm. However, recent research and expert opinions suggest that this method may not always be the best approach.

The natural healing process in trees differs significantly from that of humans. Instead of repairing damaged tissues, trees compartmentalise or seal off the wound to prevent the spread of decay. This process involves the formation of callus tissue that eventually develops into wound wood. Trees create four types of walls to compartmentalise decay: the first wall attempts to stop vertical spread but is often weak, the second wall consists of growth rings that provide a stronger barrier, the third wall is made up of rays rich in starches that offer robust protection, and the fourth wall is formed by the cambium layer, which prevents decay from spreading into new wood. Proper pruning and avoiding unnecessary wounds can help trees form wound wood more efficiently. Healthy trees and those planted in good soil conditions seal wounds faster, thus minimising health issues.

The Role Of Wound Paint

Historically, wound paint was used to prevent decay by sealing off fresh wounds, with the belief that it would protect against fungal spores and other pathogens. However, current research findings indicate that wound paints can actually inhibit the natural healing process. Paint can prevent the necessary oxygen from reaching the wound, slowing down the formation of callus tissue and wound wood.

Additionally, paint can lock in moisture and pathogens, promoting decay rather than preventing it. In some cases, paints may even serve as nourishment for fungi and bacteria. Despite these drawbacks, there are specific scenarios where wound paint may be beneficial, such as in preventing the spread of oak wilt in areas where the disease is present. In such instances, painting wounds with an appropriate insecticide or fungicide may be advisable.

Do Trees Need Deep Watering Frequently?

Watering trees properly is essential for their health and growth. One common question among homeowners and gardeners is whether trees need deep watering frequently. Understanding the principles of deep watering and how it impacts tree health can help you maintain robust and thriving trees. Here’s a comprehensive look at the necessity and benefits of deep watering for trees.

Deep watering involves applying water slowly and deeply to ensure it penetrates the soil and reaches the tree’s root zone. Unlike surface watering, which only wets the top layer of soil, deep watering ensures that water reaches the deeper roots, which are crucial for the tree’s stability and nutrient absorption.

Benefits Of Deep Watering

Deep watering is particularly beneficial for trees because it promotes the growth of deep roots. Trees with deep roots are more stable and can access water from deeper soil layers, making them more resilient during drought conditions. Additionally, deep watering helps prevent surface roots, which can be easily damaged and are less efficient in nutrient uptake.

One of the primary benefits of deep watering is its ability to prevent root dieback. When the upper layers of soil dry out, shallow watering can cause roots to die back, as they cannot absorb sufficient water. Deep watering maintains consistent moisture in the root zone, ensuring that the tree’s roots remain healthy and functional.

Frequency Of Deep Watering

The frequency of deep watering depends on various factors, including tree species, soil type, climate, and weather conditions. Newly planted trees require more frequent watering to establish their roots. During the first few months, they should be watered twice a week. After three months, watering can be reduced to once a week until the tree is fully established, which can take up to two years.

For established trees, the frequency of deep watering varies with the weather. In hot and dry conditions, watering once a week is generally sufficient. During cooler weather, watering can be reduced to once a month. The goal is to ensure the top 18 inches of soil are moist, as this is where the majority of the tree’s roots are located.

Techniques For Deep Watering

Several techniques can be used to effectively deep water trees. One common method is to use a soaker hose, which allows water to seep slowly into the soil. Place the hose in a spiral pattern around the tree, extending to the edge of the canopy, and let the water run slowly for several hours. This method ensures the even distribution of water and prevents runoff.

Another technique is to use a deep root watering device, which injects water directly into the soil. These devices are particularly useful for trees in compacted or poor-draining soils, as they help water reach the root zone more efficiently.

Conclusion

Understanding and dispelling common tree care myths is crucial for maintaining healthy trees. Practices like tree topping, improper staking, misuse of wound paint, and incorrect watering can cause significant harm. Embracing alternatives such as crown reduction and structural pruning, judicious staking, avoiding wound paint, and employing deep watering techniques tailored to tree needs to promote robust growth and stability. Whether you’re an arborist or gardener, integrating these evidence-based practices into your tree care regimen ensures healthier, more resilient trees for generations to come.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do Trees Need To Be Staked After Planting?

Many people believe that staking is essential for all newly planted trees. However, this is a myth. Staking is only necessary if the tree cannot stand on its own or is in a very windy area. Over-staking can actually weaken the tree as it may not develop a strong trunk and root system.

Is Pruning Trees In The Fall Always The Best Practice?

It’s a common misconception that fall is the best time to prune trees. In reality, late winter or early spring is often better for most trees, as it helps to avoid potential diseases and pests that can be more prevalent in the fall. Pruning at the right time ensures better wound closure and growth.

Do Trees Require Regular Fertilisation To Thrive?

Many people think trees need regular fertilisation, but this isn’t always true. Mature trees often don’t require additional fertilisation if they’re in a healthy, natural environment. Over-fertilization can harm trees by causing excessive, weak growth and increasing their susceptibility to pests and diseases.

Is It True That Tree Roots Can Damage Foundations And Underground Pipes?

While it’s a widespread belief that tree roots aggressively seek out and damage foundations and pipes, this is largely a myth. Tree roots typically grow where conditions are favourable, such as where there is moisture and oxygen. Problems usually arise when pipes or foundations are already compromised, allowing roots to enter.

Do Trees Heal Their Wounds After Pruning?

There’s a common myth that trees heal their wounds in the same way animals do. Trees don’t heal; they compartmentalise damage. When a tree is wounded, it forms a barrier around the wound to prevent the spread of disease and decay. Proper pruning techniques can help minimise damage and promote healthy compartmentalization.